All MiniLM L6 V2 128dim

🚀 all-MiniLM-L6-v2

This is a sentence embedding model that maps sentences and paragraphs into a 384-dimensional dense vector space. It can be used for tasks such as clustering and semantic search.

🚀 Quick Start

This model can be used in two ways: with sentence-transformers or directly with HuggingFace Transformers. The following sections provide detailed usage examples for both methods.

✨ Features

• High - efficiency: Based on the MiniLM architecture, it offers fast encoding speed.
• Versatile: Applicable to various tasks like information retrieval, clustering, and sentence similarity calculation.
• Large - scale training: Fine - tuned on a dataset of 1 billion sentence pairs, ensuring strong generalization ability.

📦 Installation

To use this model with sentence-transformers, you need to install the library first:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

💻 Usage Examples

Basic Usage (Sentence - Transformers)

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
sentences = ["This is an example sentence", "Each sentence is converted"]

model = SentenceTransformer('sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2')
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings)

Advanced Usage (HuggingFace Transformers)

from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F

#Mean Pooling - Take attention mask into account for correct averaging
def mean_pooling(model_output, attention_mask):
    token_embeddings = model_output[0] #First element of model_output contains all token embeddings
    input_mask_expanded = attention_mask.unsqueeze(-1).expand(token_embeddings.size()).float()
    return torch.sum(token_embeddings * input_mask_expanded, 1) / torch.clamp(input_mask_expanded.sum(1), min=1e-9)


# Sentences we want sentence embeddings for
sentences = ['This is an example sentence', 'Each sentence is converted']

# Load model from HuggingFace Hub
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2')
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2')

# Tokenize sentences
encoded_input = tokenizer(sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt')

# Compute token embeddings
with torch.no_grad():
    model_output = model(**encoded_input)

# Perform pooling
sentence_embeddings = mean_pooling(model_output, encoded_input['attention_mask'])

# Normalize embeddings
sentence_embeddings = F.normalize(sentence_embeddings, p=2, dim=1)

print("Sentence embeddings:")
print(sentence_embeddings)

📚 Documentation

Evaluation Results

For an automated evaluation of this model, see the Sentence Embeddings Benchmark: https://seb.sbert.net

Background

The project aims to train sentence embedding models on very large sentence - level datasets using a self - supervised contrastive learning objective. We used the pretrained nreimers/MiniLM-L6-H384-uncased model and fine - tuned it on a 1B sentence pairs dataset. The contrastive learning objective requires the model to predict, given a sentence from a pair, which of a set of randomly sampled other sentences was actually paired with it in the dataset.

This model was developed during the [Community week using JAX/Flax for NLP & CV](https://discuss.huggingface.co/t/open - to - the - community - community - week - using - jax - flax - for - nlp - cv/7104), organized by Hugging Face, as part of the project [Train the Best Sentence Embedding Model Ever with 1B Training Pairs](https://discuss.huggingface.co/t/train - the - best - sentence - embedding - model - ever - with - 1B - training - pairs/7354). We benefited from efficient hardware infrastructure (7 TPUs v3 - 8) and advice from Google's Flax, JAX, and Cloud team members on efficient deep - learning frameworks.

Intended uses

Our model is intended to be used as a sentence and short - paragraph encoder. Given an input text, it outputs a vector that captures the semantic information. The sentence vector can be used for information retrieval, clustering, or sentence similarity tasks. By default, input text longer than 256 word pieces is truncated.

Training procedure

Pre - training

We use the pretrained nreimers/MiniLM-L6-H384-uncased model. Please refer to the model card for more detailed information about the pre - training procedure.

Fine - tuning

We fine - tune the model using a contrastive objective. Formally, we compute the cosine similarity of each possible sentence pair in the batch and then apply the cross - entropy loss by comparing with the true pairs.

Hyperparameters

We trained the model on a TPU v3 - 8 for 100k steps with a batch size of 1024 (128 per TPU core). We used a learning - rate warm - up of 500. The sequence length was limited to 128 tokens. We used the AdamW optimizer with a learning rate of 2e - 5. The full training script is available in the current repository: train_script.py.

Training data

We used the concatenation of multiple datasets to fine - tune our model. The total number of sentence pairs exceeds 1 billion. We sampled each dataset with a weighted probability, and the configuration is detailed in the data_config.json file.

📄 License

This project is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license.