Unsup Simcse Bert Large Uncased

🚀 Model Card for unsup-simcse-bert-large-uncased

This model card provides detailed information about the unsup-simcse-bert-large-uncased model, including its development, usage, training, evaluation, and more.

📚 Documentation

Model Details

• Developed by: Princeton NLP group
• Shared by [Optional]: Princeton NLP group
• Model type: Feature Extraction
• Parent Model: BERT
• Resources for more information:
  • GitHub Repo
  • Associated Paper

Uses

Direct Use

This model can be used for the task of feature extraction.

Out-of-Scope Use

The model should not be used to intentionally create hostile or alienating environments for people.

Bias, Risks, and Limitations

Significant research has explored bias and fairness issues with language models (see, e.g., Sheng et al. (2021) and Bender et al. (2021)). Predictions generated by the model may include disturbing and harmful stereotypes across protected classes; identity characteristics; and sensitive, social, and occupational groups.

⚠️ Important Note

Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model.

Training Details

Training Data

The model creators note in the associated GitHub Repository:

We train unsupervised SimCSE on 106 randomly sampled sentences from English Wikipedia, and train supervised SimCSE on the combination of MNLI and SNLI datasets (314k).

Training Procedure

Hyperparameters

The model creators note in the associated GitHub Repo:

Evaluation

Testing Data

The model creators note in the associated paper:

Our evaluation code for sentence embeddings is based on a modified version of SentEval. It evaluates sentence embeddings on semantic textual similarity (STS) tasks and downstream transfer tasks.

For STS tasks, our evaluation takes the "all" setting, and report Spearman's correlation. See associated paper (Appendix B) for evaluation details.

Model Examination

The model creators note in the associated paper:

Uniformity and alignment. We also observe that (1) though pre-trained embeddings have good alignment, their uniformity is poor (i.e., the embeddings are highly anisotropic); (2) post-processing methods like BERT-flow and BERT-whitening greatly improve uniformity but also suffer a degeneration in alignment; (3) unsupervised SimCSE effectively improves uniformity of pre-trained embeddings whereas keeping a good alignment; (4) incorporating supervised data in SimCSE further amends alignment.

Environmental Impact

Carbon emissions can be estimated using the Machine Learning Impact calculator presented in Lacoste et al. (2019).

• Hardware Type: Nvidia 3090 GPUs with CUDA 11

Citation

BibTeX:

@inproceedings{gao2021simcse,
   title={{SimCSE}: Simple Contrastive Learning of Sentence Embeddings},
   author={Gao, Tianyu and Yao, Xingcheng and Chen, Danqi},
   booktitle={Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)},
   year={2021}
}

Model Card Authors

Princeton NLP group in collaboration with Ezi Ozoani and the Hugging Face team.

Model Card Contact

If you have any questions related to the code or the paper, feel free to email Tianyu (tianyug@cs.princeton.edu) and Xingcheng (yxc18@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn). If you encounter any problems when using the code, or want to report a bug, you can open an issue. Please try to specify the problem with details so we can help you better and quicker!

💻 Usage Examples

Basic Usage

from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("princeton-nlp/unsup-simcse-bert-large-uncased")

model = AutoModel.from_pretrained("princeton-nlp/unsup-simcse-bert-large-uncased")