PP FormulaNet Plus M

🚀 PP-FormulaNet_plus-M

PP-FormulaNet_plus-M is an advanced formula recognition model developed by the PaddleOCR Team. It builds upon the original PP-FormulaNet and significantly enhances recognition capabilities through the use of a more diverse training dataset. This model supports Chinese formulas and increases the maximum number of predicted tokens for formulas, delivering outstanding performance in complex formula recognition.

✨ Features

• Enhanced Training Dataset: Utilizes a diverse formula dataset during training, including Chinese dissertations, professional books, textbooks, exam papers, and mathematics journals, which greatly improves the model's recognition capabilities.
• Multiple Model Versions: Available in multiple versions, including L, M, and S, to meet different application requirements.
• Support for Chinese Formulas: The PP-FormulaNet_plus-M version adds support for Chinese formulas and increases the maximum number of predicted tokens for formulas from 1,024 to 2,560, enhancing recognition performance for complex formulas.

Key Accuracy Metrics

Note: En-BLEU and Zh-BLEU (%) represent the BLEU scores for English formulas and Chinese formulas, respectively. The evaluation dataset for English formulas includes simple and complex formulas from UniMERNet, as well as simple, intermediate, and complex formulas from PaddleX’s internally developed dataset. The evaluation dataset for Chinese formulas comes from PaddleX’s internally developed Chinese formula dataset.

📦 Installation

1. PaddlePaddle

Please refer to the following commands to install PaddlePaddle using pip:

# for CUDA11.8
python -m pip install paddlepaddle-gpu==3.0.0 -i https://www.paddlepaddle.org.cn/packages/stable/cu118/

# for CUDA12.6
python -m pip install paddlepaddle-gpu==3.0.0 -i https://www.paddlepaddle.org.cn/packages/stable/cu126/

# for CPU
python -m pip install paddlepaddle==3.0.0 -i https://www.paddlepaddle.org.cn/packages/stable/cpu/

For details about PaddlePaddle installation, please refer to the PaddlePaddle official website.

2. PaddleOCR

Install the latest version of the PaddleOCR inference package from PyPI:

python -m pip install paddleocr

💻 Usage Examples

Basic Usage

You can quickly experience the functionality with a single command:

paddleocr formula_recognition \
    --model_name PP-FormulaNet_plus-M  \
    -i https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/68493f0616e67d38f02f138a/4kkIUGxXMGozIg6U1BIxZ.png

You can also integrate the model inference of the formula recognition module into your project. Before running the following code, please download the sample image to your local machine.

from paddleocr import FormulaRecognition
model = FormulaRecognition(model_name="PP-FormulaNet_plus-M")
output = model.predict(input="4kkIUGxXMGozIg6U1BIxZ.png", batch_size=1)
for res in output:
    res.print()
    res.save_to_img(save_path="./output/")
    res.save_to_json(save_path="./output/res.json")

After running, the obtained result is as follows:

{'res': {'input_path': '4kkIUGxXMGozIg6U1BIxZ.png', 'page_index': None, 'rec_formula': '\\zeta_{0}(\\nu)=-\\frac{\\nu\\varrho^{-2\\nu}}{\\pi}\\int_{\\mu}^{\\infty}d\\omega\\int_{C_{+}}d z\\frac{2z^{2}}{(z^{2}+\\omega^{2})^{\\nu+1}}\\breve{\\Psi}(\\omega;z)e^{i\\epsilon z}\\quad,'}}

⚠️ Important Note

If you need to visualize the formula recognition module, you must install the LaTeX rendering environment by running the following command. Currently, visualization is only supported on Ubuntu. Other environments are not supported for now. For complex formulas, the LaTeX result may contain advanced representations that may not render successfully in Markdown or similar environments:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install texlive texlive-latex-base texlive-xetex latex-cjk-all texlive-latex-extra -y

The visualized image is as follows:

For details about usage command and descriptions of parameters, please refer to the Document.

Advanced Usage

Formula Recognition Pipeline

The formula recognition pipeline is designed to solve formula recognition tasks by extracting formula information from images and outputting it in LaTeX source code format. And there are 4 modules in the pipeline:

• Document Image Orientation Classification Module (Optional)
• Text Image Unwarping Module (Optional)
• Layout Detection Module (Optional)
• Formula Recognition Module

Run a single command to quickly experience the Formula Recognition Pipeline. Before running the code below, please download the example image locally:

paddleocr formula_recognition_pipeline -i https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/68493f0616e67d38f02f138a/4HrLNUf2yKGI8CwN9axpt.png \
    --formula_recognition_model_name PP-FormulaNet_plus-M  \
    --save_path ./output \
    --device gpu:0 

Results are printed to the terminal:

{'res': {'input_path': '/root/.paddlex/predict_input/4HrLNUf2yKGI8CwN9axpt.png', 'page_index': None, 'model_settings': {'use_doc_preprocessor': True, 'use_layout_detection': True}, 'doc_preprocessor_res': {'input_path': None, 'page_index': None, 'model_settings': {'use_doc_orientation_classify': True, 'use_doc_unwarping': True}, 'angle': 0}, 'layout_det_res': {'input_path': None, 'page_index': None, 'boxes': [{'cls_id': 2, 'label': 'text', 'score': 0.9855162501335144, 'coordinate': [90.5582, 1086.7775, 658.8992, 1553.267]}, {'cls_id': 2, 'label': 'text', 'score': 0.9814791679382324, 'coordinate': [93.042145, 127.992386, 664.8606, 396.60297]}, {'cls_id': 2, 'label': 'text', 'score': 0.9767233729362488, 'coordinate': [698.44617, 591.048, 1293.3668, 748.28625]}, {'cls_id': 2, 'label': 'text', 'score': 0.9712724089622498, 'coordinate': [701.4879, 286.62286, 1299.0151, 391.8841]}, {'cls_id': 2, 'label': 'text', 'score': 0.9708836078643799, 'coordinate': [697.0071, 751.9401, 1290.2227, 883.6447]}, {'cls_id': 2, 'label': 'text', 'score': 0.9688520431518555, 'coordinate': [704.01917, 79.636734, 1304.7367, 187.96138]}, {'cls_id': 2, 'label': 'text', 'score': 0.9683284163475037, 'coordinate': [93.07703, 799.36597, 660.6864, 902.0364]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.9660061597824097, 'coordinate': [728.5604, 440.9317, 1224.097, 570.8568]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.9615049958229065, 'coordinate': [723.025, 1333.5005, 1257.1569, 1468.0688]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.961004376411438, 'coordinate': [777.5282, 207.88376, 1222.9387, 267.32993]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.9609803557395935, 'coordinate': [756.4403, 1211.3208, 1188.0408, 1268.2334]}, {'cls_id': 2, 'label': 'text', 'score': 0.959402322769165, 'coordinate': [697.5221, 957.6737, 1288.6223, 1033.5424]}, {'cls_id': 2, 'label': 'text', 'score': 0.9592350125312805, 'coordinate': [691.3296, 1511.7983, 1282.0968, 1642.5952]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.9590734839439392, 'coordinate': [153.89197, 924.2169, 601.09546, 1036.9056]}, {'cls_id': 2, 'label': 'text', 'score': 0.9582054615020752, 'coordinate': [87.024506, 1557.2972, 655.9558, 1632.701]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.9579665064811707, 'coordinate': [810.86975, 1057.1064, 1175.1078, 1117.6572]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.9557791352272034, 'coordinate': [165.2392, 557.844, 598.2451, 614.3662]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.9539064764976501, 'coordinate': [116.46484, 713.8796, 614.2107, 774.029]}, {'cls_id': 2, 'label': 'text', 'score': 0.9520670175552368, 'coordinate': [96.68561, 478.32416, 662.5837, 536.60223]}, {'cls_id': 2, 'label': 'text', 'score': 0.9442729949951172, 'coordinate': [96.14572, 639.16113, 661.80334, 692.4822]}, {'cls_id': 2, 'label': 'text', 'score': 0.940317690372467, 'coordinate': [695.9426, 1138.6841, 1286.7327, 1188.0151]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.9249900579452515, 'coordinate': [852.94556, 908.64923, 1131.185, 933.8394]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.9248911142349243, 'coordinate': [195.27357, 424.8133, 567.68335, 451.1208]}, {'cls_id': 17, 'label': 'formula_number', 'score': 0.9173402786254883, 'coordinate': [1246.2461, 1079.063, 1286.333, 1104.3276]}, {'cls_id': 17, 'label': 'formula_number', 'score': 0.9168799519538879, 'coordinate': [1246.8928, 908.664, 1288.1958, 934.6163]}, {'cls_id': 17, 'label': 'formula_number', 'score': 0.915979266166687, 'coordinate': [1247.0377, 1229.1577, 1287.0939, 1254.9792]}, {'cls_id': 17, 'label': 'formula_number', 'score': 0.9086456894874573, 'coordinate': [1252.8517, 492.109, 1294.6124, 518.47156]}, {'cls_id': 17, 'label': 'formula_number', 'score': 0.9016352891921997, 'coordinate': [1242.1753, 1473.7004, 1283.019, 1498.6516]}, {'cls_id': 17, 'label': 'formula_number', 'score': 0.9000396728515625, 'coordinate': [1269.8044, 220.35562, 1299.8611, 247.01315]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.8966289758682251, 'coordinate': [95.999916, 235.48334, 295.44852, 265.59302]}, {'cls_id': 2, 'label': 'text', 'score': 0.8954761028289795, 'coordinate': [696.8688, 1286.2268, 1083.3927, 1310.8733]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.8951668739318848, 'coordinate': [166.62683, 129.18127, 511.6576, 156.2976]}, {'cls_id': 2, 'label': 'text', 'score': 0.8934891819953918, 'coordinate': [725.67053, 396.18787, 1263.0408, 422.78894]}, {'cls_id': 17, 'label': 'formula_number', 'score': 0.892305314540863, 'coordinate': [634.14246, 427.77844, 661.17773, 454.10535]}, {'cls_id': 2, 'label': 'text', 'score': 0.8891267776489258, 'coordinate': [94.483185, 1058.7578, 441.93515, 1082.4932]}, {'cls_id': 17, 'label': 'formula_number', 'score': 0.8877044320106506, 'coordinate': [630.4214, 939.2977, 657.7117, 965.36]}, {'cls_id': 17, 'label': 'formula_number', 'score': 0.8832477927207947, 'coordinate': [630.59216, 1000.9552, 657.4265, 1026.2094]}, {'cls_id': 17, 'label': 'formula_number', 'score': 0.8769293427467346, 'coordinate': [634.1151, 575.3828, 660.59314, 601.1638]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.8733161091804504, 'coordinate': [95.2839, 1320.377, 264.92313, 1345.8511]}, {'cls_id': 17, 'label': 'formula_number', 'score': 0.8703839182853699, 'coordinate': [633.8277, 730.3137, 659.84564, 755.55347]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.8392633199691772, 'coordinate': [365.18652, 268.2967, 515.7993, 296.06952]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.8316442370414734, 'coordinate': [1090.5394, 1599.1625, 1276.672, 1622.1669]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.817266583442688, 'coordinate': [246.17564, 161.22665, 314.3683, 186.41296]}, {'cls_id': 3, 'label': 'number', 'score': 0.8043113350868225, 'coordinate': [1297.4021, 7.143423, 1310.6084, 27.74441]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.797702968120575, 'coordinate': [538.4617, 478.0895, 661.8972, 508.51443]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.7646714448928833, 'coordinate': [916.5115, 1618.5238, 1009.6382, 1640.8141]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.7432729005813599, 'coordinate': [694.83765, 1612.2528, 861.0532, 1635.9652]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.7072135806083679, 'coordinate': [99.70873, 508.2096, 254.92291, 535.7488]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.6994448304176331, 'coordinate': [696.79846, 1561.4436, 899.79236, 1586.7415]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.6704866886138916, 'coordinate': [1117.0674, 1572.0345, 1191.5293, 1594.7426]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.6333382725715637, 'coordinate': [577.34186, 1274.4236, 602.5528, 1296.696]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.621163010597229, 'coordinate': [175.29213, 349.82397, 241.25047, 376.66553]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.6146791577339172, 'coordinate': [773.0735, 595.1659, 800.43823, 617.38635]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.6107904314994812, 'coordinate': [706.67114, 316.8644, 736.7178, 339.93387]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.5521712899208069, 'coordinate': [1263.9779, 314.65396, 1292.8451, 337.40207]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.5341379046440125, 'coordinate': [1219.2937, 316.60284, 1243.9319, 339.71375]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.520746111869812, 'coordinate': [254.65915, 323.65292, 326.58456, 349.53452]}, {'cls_id': 7, 'label': 'formula', 'score': 0.5011299848556519, 'coordinate': [255.84404, 1350.6619, 301.73444, 1375.5315]}]}, 'formula_res_list': [{'rec_formula': '\\begin{aligned}{\\psi_{0}(M)-\\psi_{}(M,z)=}&{{}\\frac{(1-\\epsilon_{r})}{\\epsilon_{r}}\\frac{\\lambda^{2}c^{2}}{t_{\\operatorname{E}}^{2}\\operatorname{l n}(10)}\\times}\\\\ {}&{{}\\int_{0}^{z}d z^{\\prime}\\frac{d t}{d z^{\\prime}}\\left.\\frac{\\partial\\phi}{\\partial L}\\right|_{L=\\lambda M c^{2}/t_{\\operatorname{E}}},}\\\\ \\end{aligned}', 'formula_region_id': 1, 'dt_polys': ([728.5604, 440.9317, 1224.097, 570.8568],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\begin{aligned}{p(\\operatorname{l o g}_{10}}&{{}M|\\operatorname{l o g}_{10}\\sigma)=\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{2\\pi}\\epsilon_{0}}}\\\\ {}&{{}\\times\\operatorname{e x p}\\left[-\\frac{1}{2}\\left(\\frac{\\operatorname{l o g}_{10}M-a_{\\bullet}-b_{\\bullet}\\operatorname{l o g}_{10}\\sigma}{\\epsilon_{0}}\\right)^{2}\\right].}\\\\ \\end{aligned}', 'formula_region_id': 2, 'dt_polys': ([723.025, 1333.5005, 1257.1569, 1468.0688],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\phi(L)\\equiv\\frac{d n}{d\\operatorname{l o g}_{10}L}=\\frac{\\phi_{*}}{(L/L_{*})^{\\gamma_{1}}+(L/L_{*})^{\\gamma_{2}}}.', 'formula_region_id': 3, 'dt_polys': ([777.5282, 207.88376, 1222.9387, 267.32993],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\psi_{0}(M)=\\int d\\sigma\\frac{p(\\operatorname{l o g}_{10}M|\\operatorname{l o g}_{10}\\sigma)}{M\\operatorname{l o g}(10)}\\frac{d n}{d\\sigma}(\\sigma),', 'formula_region_id': 4, 'dt_polys': ([756.4403, 1211.3208, 1188.0408, 1268.2334],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\begin{aligned}{\\rho_{\\operatorname{B H}}}&{{}=\\int d M\\psi(M)M}\\\\ {}&{{}=\\frac{1-\\epsilon_{r}}{\\epsilon_{r}c^{2}}\\int_{0}^{\\infty}d z\\frac{d t}{d z}\\int d\\operatorname{l o g}_{10}L\\phi(L,z)L,}\\\\ \\end{aligned}', 'formula_region_id': 5, 'dt_polys': ([153.89197, 924.2169, 601.09546, 1036.9056],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\frac{d n}{d\\sigma}d\\sigma=\\psi_{*}\\left(\\frac{\\sigma}{\\sigma_{*}}\\right)^{\\alpha}\\frac{e^{-(\\sigma/\\sigma_{*})^{\\beta}}}{\\Gamma(\\alpha/\\beta)}\\beta\\frac{d\\sigma}{\\sigma}.', 'formula_region_id': 6, 'dt_polys': ([810.86975, 1057.1064, 1175.1078, 1117.6572],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\langle\\dot{M}(M,t)\\rangle\\psi(M,t)=\\frac{(1-\\epsilon_{r})}{\\epsilon_{r}c^{2}\\operatorname{l n}(10)}\\phi(L,t)\\frac{d L}{d M}.', 'formula_region_id': 7, 'dt_polys': ([165.2392, 557.844, 598.2451, 614.3662],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\frac{\\partial\\psi}{\\partial t}(M,t)+\\frac{(1-\\epsilon_{r})}{\\epsilon_{r}}\\frac{\\lambda^{2}c^{2}}{t_{\\operatorname{E}}^{2}\\operatorname{l n}(10)}\\left.\\frac{\\partial\\phi}{\\partial L}\\right|_{L=\\lambda M c^{2}/t_{\\operatorname{E}}}=0,', 'formula_region_id': 8, 'dt_polys': ([116.46484, 713.8796, 614.2107, 774.029],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\log_{10}M=a_{\\bullet}+b_{\\bullet}\\log_{10}X.', 'formula_region_id': 9, 'dt_polys': ([852.94556, 908.64923, 1131.185, 933.8394],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\phi(L,t)d\\operatorname{l o g}_{10}L=\\delta(M,t)\\psi(M,t)d M.', 'formula_region_id': 10, 'dt_polys': ([195.27357, 424.8133, 567.68335, 451.1208],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\dot{M}=(1-\\epsilon_{r})\\dot{M}_{\\mathrm{a c c}}^{\\mathrm{~\\tiny~\\cdot~}}', 'formula_region_id': 11, 'dt_polys': ([95.999916, 235.48334, 295.44852, 265.59302],)}, {'rec_formula': 't_{E}=\\sigma_{T}c/4\\pi G m_{p}=4.5\\times10^{8}\\mathrm{y r}', 'formula_region_id': 12, 'dt_polys': ([166.62683, 129.18127, 511.6576, 156.2976],)}, {'rec_formula': 'M_{*}=L_{*}t_{E}/\\tilde{\\lambda}c^{2}', 'formula_region_id': 13, 'dt_polys': ([95.2839, 1320.377, 264.92313, 1345.8511],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\phi(L,t)d\\operatorname{l o g}_{10}L', 'formula_region_id': 14, 'dt_polys': ([365.18652, 268.2967, 515.7993, 296.06952],)}, {'rec_formula': 'a_{\\bullet}=8.32\\pm0.05', 'formula_region_id': 15, 'dt_polys': ([1090.5394, 1599.1625, 1276.672, 1622.1669],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\epsilon_{r}\\dot{M}_{\\operatorname{a c c}}', 'formula_region_id': 16, 'dt_polys': ([246.17564, 161.22665, 314.3683, 186.41296],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\langle\\dot{M}(M,t)\\rangle=', 'formula_region_id': 17, 'dt_polys': ([538.4617, 478.0895, 661.8972, 508.51443],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\epsilon_{0}=0.38', 'formula_region_id': 18, 'dt_polys': ([916.5115, 1618.5238, 1009.6382, 1640.8141],)}, {'rec_formula': 'b_{\\bullet}=5.64\\dot{\\pm}\\dot{0.32}', 'formula_region_id': 19, 'dt_polys': ([694.83765, 1612.2528, 861.0532, 1635.9652],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\delta(M,t)\\dot{M}(M,t)', 'formula_region_id': 20, 'dt_polys': ([99.70873, 508.2096, 254.92291, 535.7488],)}, {'rec_formula': 'X=\\sigma/200\\mathrm{k m}\\mathrm{s^{-1}}', 'formula_region_id': 21, 'dt_polys': ([696.79846, 1561.4436, 899.79236, 1586.7415],)}, {'rec_formula': 'M-\\sigma', 'formula_region_id': 22, 'dt_polys': ([1117.0674, 1572.0345, 1191.5293, 1594.7426],)}, {'rec_formula': 'L_{*}', 'formula_region_id': 23, 'dt_polys': ([577.34186, 1274.4236, 602.5528, 1296.696],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\phi(L,t)', 'formula_region_id': 24, 'dt_polys': ([175.29213, 349.82397, 241.25047, 376.66553],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\psi_{0}', 'formula_region_id': 25, 'dt_polys': ([773.0735, 595.1659, 800.43823, 617.38635],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\mathrm{A^{\\prime\\prime}}', 'formula_region_id': 26, 'dt_polys': ([706.67114, 316.8644, 736.7178, 339.93387],)}, {'rec_formula': 'L_{*}', 'formula_region_id': 27, 'dt_polys': ([1263.9779, 314.65396, 1292.8451, 337.40207],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\phi_{*}', 'formula_region_id': 28, 'dt_polys': ([1219.2937, 316.60284, 1243.9319, 339.71375],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\delta(M,t)', 'formula_region_id': 29, 'dt_polys': ([254.65915, 323.65292, 326.58456, 349.53452],)}, {'rec_formula': '\\phi(L)', 'formula_region_id': 30, 'dt_polys': ([255.84404, 1350.6619, 301.73444, 1375.5315],)}]}}

If save_path is specified, the visualization results will be saved under save_path. The visualization output is shown below:

The command-line method is for quick experience. For project integration, also only a few codes are needed as well:

from paddleocr import FormulaRecognitionPipeline

pipeline = FormulaRecognitionPipeline(formula_recognition_model_name="PP-FormulaNet_plus-M")
output = pipeline.predict("./4HrLNUf2yKGI8CwN9axpt.png")
for res in output:
    res

📄 License

This project is licensed under the Apache-2.0 license.