Openelm 270M

🚀 OpenELM

OpenELM is a family of Open Efficient Language Models. It uses a layer - wise scaling strategy to enhance accuracy and provides various pre - trained and instruction - tuned models, along with a complete framework for open research.

We introduce OpenELM, a family of Open Efficient Language Models. OpenELM uses a layer-wise scaling strategy to efficiently allocate parameters within each layer of the transformer model, leading to enhanced accuracy. We pretrained OpenELM models using the CoreNet library. We release both pretrained and instruction tuned models with 270M, 450M, 1.1B and 3B parameters. We release the complete framework, encompassing data preparation, training, fine - tuning, and evaluation procedures, alongside multiple pre - trained checkpoints and training logs, to facilitate open research.

Our pre - training dataset contains RefinedWeb, deduplicated PILE, a subset of RedPajama, and a subset of Dolma v1.6, totaling approximately 1.8 trillion tokens. Please check license agreements and terms of these datasets before using them.

🚀 Quick Start

✨ Features

• Efficient Parameter Allocation: OpenELM employs a layer - wise scaling strategy to distribute parameters effectively in the transformer model, improving accuracy.
• Multiple Model Sizes: We offer pre - trained and instruction - tuned models with 270M, 450M, 1.1B, and 3B parameters.
• Complete Framework: A full - fledged framework including data preparation, training, fine - tuning, and evaluation is provided.

📦 Installation

The installation steps are mainly for evaluation, which involves installing dependencies:

# install public lm - eval - harness
harness_repo="public-lm-eval-harness"
git clone https://github.com/EleutherAI/lm-evaluation-harness ${harness_repo}
cd ${harness_repo}
# use main branch on 03 - 15 - 2024, SHA is dc90fec
git checkout dc90fec
pip install -e .
cd ..

# 66d6242 is the main branch on 2024 - 04 - 01 
pip install datasets@git+https://github.com/huggingface/datasets.git@66d6242
pip install tokenizers>=0.15.2 transformers>=4.38.2 sentencepiece>=0.2.0

💻 Usage Examples

Basic Usage

We have provided an example function to generate output from OpenELM models loaded via HuggingFace Hub in generate_openelm.py. You can try the model by running the following command:

python generate_openelm.py --model apple/OpenELM-270M --hf_access_token [HF_ACCESS_TOKEN] --prompt 'Once upon a time there was' --generate_kwargs repetition_penalty=1.2

Please refer to [this link](https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/security - tokens) to obtain your hugging face access token.

Advanced Usage

Additional arguments to the hugging face generate function can be passed via generate_kwargs. As an example, to speedup the inference, you can try lookup token speculative generation by passing the prompt_lookup_num_tokens argument as follows:

python generate_openelm.py --model apple/OpenELM-270M --hf_access_token [HF_ACCESS_TOKEN] --prompt 'Once upon a time there was' --generate_kwargs repetition_penalty=1.2 prompt_lookup_num_tokens=10

Alternatively, try model - wise speculative generation with an [assistive model](https://huggingface.co/blog/assisted - generation) by passing a smaller model through the assistant_model argument, for example:

python generate_openelm.py --model apple/OpenELM-270M --hf_access_token [HF_ACCESS_TOKEN] --prompt 'Once upon a time there was' --generate_kwargs repetition_penalty=1.2 --assistant_model [SMALLER_MODEL]

📚 Documentation

Main Results

Zero - Shot

LLM360

OpenLLM Leaderboard

See the technical report for more results and comparison.

Evaluation

Setup

Install the following dependencies:

# install public lm - eval - harness
harness_repo="public-lm-eval-harness"
git clone https://github.com/EleutherAI/lm-evaluation-harness ${harness_repo}
cd ${harness_repo}
# use main branch on 03 - 15 - 2024, SHA is dc90fec
git checkout dc90fec
pip install -e .
cd ..

# 66d6242 is the main branch on 2024 - 04 - 01 
pip install datasets@git+https://github.com/huggingface/datasets.git@66d6242
pip install tokenizers>=0.15.2 transformers>=4.38.2 sentencepiece>=0.2.0

Evaluate OpenELM

# OpenELM - 270M
hf_model=apple/OpenELM-270M

# this flag is needed because lm - eval - harness set add_bos_token to False by default, but OpenELM uses LLaMA tokenizer which requires add_bos_token to be True
tokenizer=meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf
add_bos_token=True
batch_size=1

mkdir lm_eval_output

shot=0
task=arc_challenge,arc_easy,boolq,hellaswag,piqa,race,winogrande,sciq,truthfulqa_mc2
lm_eval --model hf \
        --model_args pretrained=${hf_model},trust_remote_code=True,add_bos_token=${add_bos_token},tokenizer=${tokenizer} \
        --tasks ${task} \
        --device cuda:0 \
        --num_fewshot ${shot} \
        --output_path ./lm_eval_output/${hf_model//\//_}_${task//,/_}-${shot}shot \
        --batch_size ${batch_size} 2>&1 | tee ./lm_eval_output/eval-${hf_model//\//_}_${task//,/_}-${shot}shot.log

shot=5
task=mmlu,winogrande
lm_eval --model hf \
        --model_args pretrained=${hf_model},trust_remote_code=True,add_bos_token=${add_bos_token},tokenizer=${tokenizer} \
        --tasks ${task} \
        --device cuda:0 \
        --num_fewshot ${shot} \
        --output_path ./lm_eval_output/${hf_model//\//_}_${task//,/_}-${shot}shot \
        --batch_size ${batch_size} 2>&1 | tee ./lm_eval_output/eval-${hf_model//\//_}_${task//,/_}-${shot}shot.log

shot=25
task=arc_challenge,crows_pairs_english
lm_eval --model hf \
        --model_args pretrained=${hf_model},trust_remote_code=True,add_bos_token=${add_bos_token},tokenizer=${tokenizer} \
        --tasks ${task} \
        --device cuda:0 \
        --num_fewshot ${shot} \
        --output_path ./lm_eval_output/${hf_model//\//_}_${task//,/_}-${shot}shot \
        --batch_size ${batch_size} 2>&1 | tee ./lm_eval_output/eval-${hf_model//\//_}_${task//,/_}-${shot}shot.log

shot=10
task=hellaswag
lm_eval --model hf \
        --model_args pretrained=${hf_model},trust_remote_code=True,add_bos_token=${add_bos_token},tokenizer=${tokenizer} \
        --tasks ${task} \
        --device cuda:0 \
        --num_fewshot ${shot} \
        --output_path ./lm_eval_output/${hf_model//\//_}_${task//,/_}-${shot}shot \
        --batch_size ${batch_size} 2>&1 | tee ./lm_eval_output/eval-${hf_model//\//_}_${task//,/_}-${shot}shot.log

🔧 Technical Details

OpenELM uses a layer - wise scaling strategy to allocate parameters efficiently in the transformer model, which is the key to its enhanced accuracy. The pre - training dataset includes RefinedWeb, deduplicated PILE, a subset of RedPajama, and a subset of Dolma v1.6, with about 1.8 trillion tokens in total.

📄 License

The project uses the apple - amlr license, named apple - sample - code - license. You can find more details in the LICENSE file.

⚠️ Important Note

The release of OpenELM models aims to empower and enrich the open research community by providing access to state - of - the - art language models. Trained on publicly available datasets, these models are made available without any safety guarantees. Consequently, there exists the possibility of these models producing outputs that are inaccurate, harmful, biased, or objectionable in response to user prompts. Thus, it is imperative for users and developers to undertake thorough safety testing and implement appropriate filtering mechanisms tailored to their specific requirements.

💡 Usage Tip

When using the model, make sure to obtain your Hugging Face access token from [this link](https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/security - tokens). And when evaluating the model, follow the installation and evaluation steps carefully.

Citation

If you find our work useful, please cite:

@article{mehtaOpenELMEfficientLanguage2024,
    title = {{OpenELM}: {An} {Efficient} {Language} {Model} {Family} with {Open} {Training} and {Inference} {Framework}},
    shorttitle = {{OpenELM}},
    url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.14619v1},
    language = {en},
    urldate = {2024-04-24},
    journal = {arXiv.org},
    author = {Mehta, Sachin and Sekhavat, Mohammad Hossein and Cao, Qingqing and Horton, Maxwell and Jin, Yanzi and Sun, Chenfan and Mirzadeh, Iman and Najibi, Mahyar and Belenko, Dmitry and Zatloukal, Peter and Rastegari, Mohammad},
    month = apr,
    year = {2024},
}

@inproceedings{mehta2022cvnets, 
    author = {Mehta, Sachin and Abdolhosseini, Farzad and Rastegari, Mohammad}, 
    title = {CVNets: High Performance Library for Computer Vision}, 
    year = {2022}, 
    booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia}, 
    series = {MM '22} 
}