Stable Diffusion 1.5

🚀 Stable Diffusion v1-5

Stable Diffusion v1-5 is a latent text-to-image diffusion model. It can generate photo-realistic images based on any text input, offering high - quality image generation capabilities for various applications.

🚀 Quick Start

Stable Diffusion is a latent text - to - image diffusion model capable of generating photo - realistic images given any text input. For more information about how Stable Diffusion functions, please have a look at 🤗's Stable Diffusion blog.

You can use this both with the 🧨Diffusers library and the RunwayML GitHub repository.

💻 Usage Examples

Basic Usage

# Use the Diffusers library
from diffusers import StableDiffusionPipeline
import torch

model_id = "runwayml/stable-diffusion-v1-5"
pipe = StableDiffusionPipeline.from_pretrained(model_id, torch_dtype=torch.float16)
pipe = pipe.to("cuda")

prompt = "a photo of an astronaut riding a horse on mars"
image = pipe(prompt).images[0]  
    
image.save("astronaut_rides_horse.png")

For more detailed instructions, use - cases and examples in JAX follow the instructions here

Advanced Usage

1. Download the weights

   • v1 - 5 - pruned - emaonly.ckpt - 4.27GB, ema - only weight. uses less VRAM - suitable for inference
   • v1 - 5 - pruned.ckpt - 7.7GB, ema+non - ema weights. uses more VRAM - suitable for fine - tuning

2. Follow instructions here.

✨ Features

• Text - to - Image Generation: Capable of generating photo - realistic images based on text prompts.
• Multiple Usage Options: Can be used with the 🧨Diffusers library or the RunwayML GitHub repository.

📦 Installation

The installation mainly involves setting up the relevant libraries and downloading the model weights. You can use the following methods:

• Using Diffusers library: Install the necessary Python libraries and download the model through the library.
• Using RunwayML GitHub repository: Clone the repository and follow the instructions to download the model weights.

📚 Documentation

Model Details

@InProceedings{Rombach_2022_CVPR,
    author    = {Rombach, Robin and Blattmann, Andreas and Lorenz, Dominik and Esser, Patrick and Ommer, Bj"orn},
    title     = {High - Resolution Image Synthesis With Latent Diffusion Models},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)},
    month     = {June},
    year      = {2022},
    pages     = {10684 - 10695}
}

Uses

Direct Use

The model is intended for research purposes only. Possible research areas and tasks include:

• Safe deployment of models which have the potential to generate harmful content.
• Probing and understanding the limitations and biases of generative models.
• Generation of artworks and use in design and other artistic processes.
• Applications in educational or creative tools.
• Research on generative models.

Excluded uses are described below.

Misuse, Malicious Use, and Out - of - Scope Use

⚠️ Important Note

This section is taken from the [DALLE - MINI model card](https://huggingface.co/dalle - mini/dalle - mini), but applies in the same way to Stable Diffusion v1.

The model should not be used to intentionally create or disseminate images that create hostile or alienating environments for people. This includes generating images that people would foreseeably find disturbing, distressing, or offensive; or content that propagates historical or current stereotypes.

Out - of - Scope Use

The model was not trained to be factual or true representations of people or events, and therefore using the model to generate such content is out - of - scope for the abilities of this model.

Misuse and Malicious Use

Using the model to generate content that is cruel to individuals is a misuse of this model. This includes, but is not limited to:

• Generating demeaning, dehumanizing, or otherwise harmful representations of people or their environments, cultures, religions, etc.
• Intentionally promoting or propagating discriminatory content or harmful stereotypes.
• Impersonating individuals without their consent.
• Sexual content without consent of the people who might see it.
• Mis - and disinformation
• Representations of egregious violence and gore
• Sharing of copyrighted or licensed material in violation of its terms of use.
• Sharing content that is an alteration of copyrighted or licensed material in violation of its terms of use.

Limitations and Bias

Limitations

• The model does not achieve perfect photorealism.
• The model cannot render legible text.
• The model does not perform well on more difficult tasks which involve compositionality, such as rendering an image corresponding to “A red cube on top of a blue sphere”.
• Faces and people in general may not be generated properly.
• The model was trained mainly with English captions and will not work as well in other languages.
• The autoencoding part of the model is lossy.
• The model was trained on a large - scale dataset [LAION - 5B](https://laion.ai/blog/laion - 5b/) which contains adult material and is not fit for product use without additional safety mechanisms and considerations.
• No additional measures were used to deduplicate the dataset. As a result, we observe some degree of memorization for images that are duplicated in the training data. The training data can be searched at [https://rom1504.github.io/clip - retrieval/](https://rom1504.github.io/clip - retrieval/) to possibly assist in the detection of memorized images.

Bias

While the capabilities of image generation models are impressive, they can also reinforce or exacerbate social biases. Stable Diffusion v1 was trained on subsets of [LAION - 2B(en)](https://laion.ai/blog/laion - 5b/), which consists of images that are primarily limited to English descriptions. Texts and images from communities and cultures that use other languages are likely to be insufficiently accounted for. This affects the overall output of the model, as white and western cultures are often set as the default. Further, the ability of the model to generate content with non - English prompts is significantly worse than with English - language prompts.

Safety Module

The intended use of this model is with the Safety Checker in Diffusers. This checker works by checking model outputs against known hard - coded NSFW concepts. The concepts are intentionally hidden to reduce the likelihood of reverse - engineering this filter. Specifically, the checker compares the class probability of harmful concepts in the embedding space of the CLIPTextModel after generation of the images. The concepts are passed into the model with the generated image and compared to a hand - engineered weight for each NSFW concept.

Training

Training Data

The model developers used the following dataset for training the model:

• LAION - 2B (en) and subsets thereof (see next section)

Training Procedure

Stable Diffusion v1 - 5 is a latent diffusion model which combines an autoencoder with a diffusion model that is trained in the latent space of the autoencoder. During training:

• Images are encoded through an encoder, which turns images into latent representations. The autoencoder uses a relative downsampling factor of 8 and maps images of shape H x W x 3 to latents of shape H/f x W/f x 4.
• Text prompts are encoded through a ViT - L/14 text - encoder.
• The non - pooled output of the text encoder is fed into the UNet backbone of the latent diffusion model via cross - attention.
• The loss is a reconstruction objective between the noise that was added to the latent and the prediction made by the UNet.

Currently six Stable Diffusion checkpoints are provided, which were trained as follows:

• [stable - diffusion - v1 - 1](https://huggingface.co/CompVis/stable - diffusion - v1 - 1): 237,000 steps at resolution 256x256 on [laion2B - en](https://huggingface.co/datasets/laion/laion2B - en). 194,000 steps at resolution 512x512 on [laion - high - resolution](https://huggingface.co/datasets/laion/laion - high - resolution) (170M examples from LAION - 5B with resolution >= 1024x1024).

• [stable - diffusion - v1 - 2](https://huggingface.co/CompVis/stable - diffusion - v1 - 2): Resumed from stable - diffusion - v1 - 1. 515,000 steps at resolution 512x512 on "laion - improved - aesthetics" (a subset of laion2B - en, filtered to images with an original size >= 512x512, estimated aesthetics score > 5.0, and an estimated watermark probability < 0.5. The watermark estimate is from the LAION - 5B metadata, the aesthetics score is estimated using an [improved aesthetics estimator](https://github.com/christophschuhmann/improved - aesthetic - predictor)).

• [stable - diffusion - v1 - 3](https://huggingface.co/CompVis/stable - diffusion - v1 - 3): Resumed from stable - diffusion - v1 - 2 - 195,000 steps at resolution 512x512 on "laion - improved - aesthetics" and 10 % dropping of the text - conditioning to improve classifier - free guidance sampling.

• [stable - diffusion - v1 - 4](https://huggingface.co/CompVis/stable - diffusion - v1 - 4) Resumed from stable - diffusion - v1 - 2 - 225,000 steps at resolution 512x512 on "laion - aesthetics v2 5+" and 10 % dropping of the text - conditioning to improve classifier - free guidance sampling.

• [stable - diffusion - v1 - 5](https://huggingface.co/runwayml/stable - diffusion - v1 - 5) Resumed from stable - diffusion - v1 - 2 - 595,000 steps at resolution 512x512 on "laion - aesthetics v2 5+" and 10 % dropping of the text - conditioning to improve classifier - free guidance sampling.

• [stable - diffusion - inpainting](https://huggingface.co/runwayml/stable - diffusion - inpainting) Resumed from stable - diffusion - v1 - 5 - then 440,000 steps of inpainting training at resolution 512x512 on “laion - aesthetics v2 5+” and 10% dropping of the text - conditioning. For inpainting, the UNet has 5 additional input channels (4 for the encoded masked - image and 1 for the mask itself) whose weights were zero - initialized after restoring the non - inpainting checkpoint. During training, we generate synthetic masks and in 25% mask everything.

• Hardware: 32 x 8 x A100 GPUs

• Optimizer: AdamW

• Gradient Accumulations: 2

• Batch: 32 x 8 x 2 x 4 = 2048

• Learning rate: warmup to 0.0001 for 10,000 steps and then kept constant

Evaluation Results

Evaluations with different classifier - free guidance scales (1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0) and 50 PNDM/PLMS sampling steps show the relative improvements of the checkpoints.

📄 License

This model is under The CreativeML OpenRAIL M license. You can use, re - distribute the weights and use the model commercially and/or as a service, but you have to follow the use restrictions set in the license.